Basic requirements for handling international cargo transportation
Time:2022-12-29
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It is applicable to the international cargo transport undertaken by the air transport enterprises of CAAC. The agents of the air transport enterprises of CAAC must comply with the provisions of this chapter when handling the international cargo transport business.
"International carriage of goods" refers to the carriage of goods, according to the agreement of the parties to the contract, with or without interruption or transshipment, whose origin and destination are in the territory of two Contracting States or in the territory of one Contracting State, and there is an agreed stopping point in the territory of another Contracting State or a non-contracting State.
The air transport enterprises of CAAC carry international goods in accordance with the "Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of International Air Transport" signed in Warsaw on October 12, 1929, and the "Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of International Air Transport signed in Warsaw on October 12, 1929" signed in The Hague on September 28, 1955, as well as the transport regulations signed between the air transport enterprises of CAAC and foreign air transport enterprises.
All air transport enterprises of CAAC must strictly comply with the laws, regulations and requirements of China and relevant national governments when carrying international goods. The transport documents filled in and issued by foreign air transport enterprises that have no business relationship with the general agent, business agent or settlement of the air transport enterprises of CAAC are generally not accepted.
● Collection and transportation conditions and procedures for international cargo transportation
Collection and transportation conditions
(1) General provisions
① According to the regulations of the relevant airlines of CAAC, the goods delivered by the shipper must comply with the laws and regulations of the country of origin, transit and arrival as well as all the transportation regulations of the relevant airlines of CAAC.
② Goods that are prohibited and not carried by China and relevant international governments and air transport enterprises shall not be accepted.
③ The shipper must complete the departure customs, quarantine and other exit formalities by itself. Civil aviation enterprises of China do not handle the "COD" business for the time being.
④ The package, weight and volume of the goods must meet the air transportation conditions.
(2) Value limit
The declared value of each batch of goods (i.e., each waybill) shall not exceed US $100000 or its equivalent (if the value is not declared, it shall be calculated as US $20 per kilogram of gross weight). In case of exceeding the time limit, the goods shall be delivered in batches (i.e. two or more waybills); If the goods are not suitable to be separated, they can only be collected and transported with the approval of the relevant airlines.
(3) Payment requirements
① The freight of goods can be paid in advance or on arrival, but please note: a The freight and declared value of the goods must be fully prepaid or fully paid. b. All other expenses incurred at the transportation departure station must be paid in advance or in full; The expenses incurred during the transportation shall be paid on arrival, but some expenses, such as fixed expenses stipulated by the government and some taxes of the airport authority, can also be prepaid when the departure station knows; Other expenses incurred at the destination can only be paid in full.
② The shipper can pay the freight to the carrier or its agent by the following payment method: RMB cash (or the People‘s Bank of China‘s domestic check) Note: The agent cannot accept the shipper‘s use of the travel certificate (MCO) or the advance payment notice (PTA) as the payment method.
Collection and transportation procedures
(1) When delivering the goods, the shipper shall fill in the "International Consignment of Goods" and provide transport-related documents. The shipper shall be responsible for the correctness and completeness of the contents filled in the Consignment and the transport-related documents provided.
(2) The agent shall carefully complete the following procedures when collecting and transporting international goods:
① Focus on inspection
Content of goods
Know whether the goods delivered by the shipper belong to the goods transported under specific conditions, and pay special attention to whether the goods delivered belong to dangerous goods or may contain dangerous goods. If it belongs to or contains dangerous goods, it shall be handled in accordance with the relevant agreement between the carrier and the agent and the relevant provisions of the provisions on dangerous goods of the International Navigation Association.
Destination of goods
The agent shall know whether the goods delivered by the shipper are the navigation place. If there is no terminal at the destination, the agent may suggest the shipper to change the destination of the goods to the nearest navigation place, but the destination of the goods must still be filled in the consignee column.
Packaging and volume of goods
The agent shall check the packaging and size of the goods when receiving and transporting the goods. The shipper shall be required to repack the ten-day package with poor packaging, too simple and old marks. In addition, check whether the volume of the cargo meets the requirements of the loaded aircraft type. For connecting cargo, consider the aircraft type used in the transfer terminal.
Customs formalities
Check whether the customs formalities of the goods are complete.
② When the above four points meet the requirements, the shipper shall fill in the consignment note, and the agent shall focus on checking the filling of the relevant columns on the consignment note:
Goods name column (including volume and size)
Check whether the product name in the product name column is too general. For example, "canned fish" should not be generally filled as "food". In addition, it is required to check whether the cargo size filled in by the shipper indicates the unit of measurement. For dangerous goods, it is required to indicate their special name and packaging level.
Consignee name and address column
The agent shall know whether the name of the city where the consignee is located belongs to the same name city in different countries. In this case, the agent must request to add the name of the country, and the name of the state should also be added to the goods shipped to the United States. The words "TO Order" should not appear in this column because the air waybill cannot be transferred.
Shipper‘s signature column
Check whether there is the shipper‘s signature in the shipper‘s signature column.
③ Weigh and measure the cargo
The agent shall weigh and measure the goods to calculate the billing weight. If the shipper fills the weight of the goods in the column, the agent must review it.
④ Calculate freight
Before calculating the freight, the rate must be accurately determined. After calculating the freight, it must be reviewed.
⑤ Fill in the air waybill
The waybill shall be filled out in accordance with the requirements for filling in the waybill in Chapter VI of the current "Air Cargo Tariff Manual" (TACT) rules.
⑥ Paste and attach the cargo label. For the goods that need to be attached with the relevant labels of the goods, they should be attached/attached.
⑦ Check the goods, waybills and labels to avoid errors.
⑧ Scheduled tonnage: For goods that need to be scheduled tonnage, it shall be determined in advance. Special goods and goods requiring special care during transportation shall be properly arranged in advance.
⑨ Fill in the goods handover form and deliver the goods to the carrier safely.
⑩ Prepare the sales daily report and pay the freight on time according to the requirements of relevant airlines.
Other documents related to transportation
According to different types of goods, the shipper shall provide the following relevant documents:
A. Documents required by import and export transit customs;
B. The content list of the goods (the content list shall be provided for the baggage transported as goods);
C. Certificate of consigned dangerous goods and animals;
D. Commercial invoices must be provided when consigning designated goods between IATA Zone 3 and Zone 1 (1ATA AREA3-1).
● International cargo transport Air cargo transport mode
Flight transportation
A flight refers to an aircraft that is scheduled to sail on a regular basis and has a scheduled route, a scheduled departure station, a scheduled destination port, and a scheduled route station. General airlines use passenger and cargo hybrid aircraft
Carrier). On the one hand, it carries passengers, on the other hand, it carries a small amount of goods. However, some larger airlines open regular cargo flights on some airlines and use all cargo aircraft
Carrier).
Flight transportation characteristics:
1. Due to the fixed route; Because of the fixed port of call and the regular flight, the international cargo circulation mostly uses the airliner transportation mode, which can safely and quickly reach all the spaceflight sites in the world.
2. It is convenient for the consignee and consignor to know the exact time of shipment and arrival of the goods, which is very beneficial to the transportation of the goods urgently needed in the market, fresh perishable goods and precious goods.
3. Flight transportation is usually mixed with passengers and cargo. Therefore, the space is limited, which can not make large quantities of goods shipped in time, and often needs to be transported by stages and batches. This is the shortage of flight transportation.
Chartered Carrier
The modes of transportation by chartered aircraft can be divided into two types: full chartered aircraft and partial chartered aircraft.
1. Packager
(1) That is, charter the entire aircraft, which means that the airline leases the entire aircraft to the charterer according to the conditions and expenses agreed with the charterer in advance, and ships goods from one or several airports to the destination.
(2) Generally, the charterer should contact the airline one month before the cargo is loaded, so that the airline can arrange the transportation, apply to the airport of departure and landing and relevant government departments, and handle the relevant formalities of transit or entry.
(3) The cost of charter flights: one discussion at a time, which changes with the supply and demand of the international market. In principle, the charter freight is charged at the fixed rate per flight kilometer, and the air release fee is charged at 80% of the cost per flight kilometer. Therefore, when using charter flights for large quantities of goods, we should strive to have cargo on both the return and the return routes, so the cost is relatively low. Only one way is used, and the freight is relatively high.
2. Some charter flights
(1) Several air cargo companies or consignors jointly charter an aircraft or the airline sells the cabin of an aircraft to several air cargo companies to load cargo. It is part of charter flights. It is used to check the cabin of less than one aircraft. However, the cargo volume is heavy.
(2) Comparison between some charter flights and flights
① The time is longer than the flight. Although some charter flights have a fixed schedule, they often fail to take off on time for other reasons;
② In order to protect the interests of domestic airlines, governments often impose various restrictions on foreign airlines engaged in charter business. For example, the range of activities of the chartered aircraft is relatively narrow, and the landing site is limited. If it is necessary to land at a place other than the designated place, it must apply to the relevant department of the local government for permission before landing (such as applying for entry, passing through the airspace and landing place).
(3) Advantages of charter flights
① Solve the contradiction of insufficient flight positions.
② All goods are transported out by chartered aircraft, which saves time and procedures for multiple shipments.
③ Make up for the lack of direct flights, and do not transfer.
④ Reduce the phenomenon of goods damage, shortage or loss.
⑤ Relieve flight tension during the peak air transport season.
⑥ Solve the transportation of seafood and live animals.
Consolidation
1. The concept of centralized consignment
It is the practice of collecting several separate shipments of goods destined for the same direction as a single shipment, and filling in a master waybill and shipping it to the same destination.
2. Specific methods of centralized consignment
(1) The air transport split waybill shall be prepared for each ticket of goods, that is, the freight forwarder‘s waybill HAWB (House Airway Bill) shall be issued.
(2) Divide the direction of all goods and concentrate them in the same country and city with the same destination, and formulate the Master Airway Bill (MAWB) of the airline. The consignor and consignee of the total waybill are both air freight forwarders.
(3) Print out the Manifest under the total waybill, that is, how many sub-waybills are there in the total waybill, what are the numbers, the number of pieces, the weight, and so on.
(4) Give the general waybill and freight list to the airline as a whole ticket of goods. A total waybill can be attached with a sub-waybill according to the specific situation of the goods (it can also be a sub-waybill or multiple sub-waybills). For example, if there are 10 HAWBs in one MAWB, it means that there are 10 tickets of goods in this total waybill, which are sent to 10 different consignees.
(5) After the goods arrive at the destination airport, the local freight forwarder, as the consignee of the general waybill, is responsible for receiving and distributing the goods, preparing their own customs declaration documents according to the different waybills, and acting as the customs declaration agent to handle the relevant receiving and customs matters for the actual consignee. The consignor shall handle the relevant receiving and delivery matters.
(6) After the actual consignee signs on the waybill, the destination freight forwarding company will use it to feed back the arrival information to the shipping freight forwarding company.
3. Restrictions on centralized consignment
(1) Centralized consignment is only suitable for handling ordinary goods. For goods with graded freight rates, such as valuables, dangerous goods, moving objects and cultural relics, centralized consignment cannot be handled.
(2) If the destination is the same or near, it can be handled. If it is in a certain country or region, it is not suitable for others. For example, goods to Japan cannot be sent to Europe.
4. Characteristics of centralized consignment
(1) Saving freight: The centralized freight rate of air freight companies is generally lower than that of the aviation association. The shipper can get the lower freight rate than the airline, thus saving costs.
(2) Convenience: Centralized consignment of goods can make the goods reach places beyond the destination of the airline, extend the service of the airline and facilitate the cargo owner.
(3) Early settlement of foreign exchange: after the consignor delivers the goods to the air freight forwarder, he can obtain the cargo split waybill, and can handle the settlement of foreign exchange at the bank as soon as possible with the split waybill.
Centralized consignment has been widely carried out around the world, forming a relatively complete and effective service system, which has played a good role in promoting the development of international trade and international scientific, technological and cultural exchanges. Centralized consignment has become one of the main modes of transportation of import and export goods in China.
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